HAL Tejas Specs, Engine, Cockpit, and Price – Tejas is a modern single-engine Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) developed by Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF) and Indian Navy. The Tejas was developed as a one-seat fighter for the IAF, and a two-seat trainer aircraft. The Tejas fighter is produced to replace the MiG series currently operated by the IAF.
The first LCA Demonstrator I aircraft made its first flight in January 2001, with LCA Demonstrator II flying in June 2002. The first flight of the production version of the Tejas was carried out in April 2007, followed by the trainer version first flight in November 2009.
In October 2014, the first series production Tejas (SP1) successfully completed its maiden flight and was handed over to the Indian Air Force in January 2015. The second series production aircraft (SP2) successfully completed its maiden flight in March 2016.
The Tejas fuselage is made of lightweight construction materials, including aluminum, lithium and titanium alloys, and carbon composites. The wing structure includes parts and composite ribs with carbon fiber reinforced plastic skin. The fuselage has thin walls and integrally rigid structures, which are designed to sustain internal stress without stiffening debonding. It features complex shapes and contours and is built using integral structures on a large scale.
The Tejas fighter aircraft is equipped with a retractable hydraulic tricycle-type landing gear developed by HAL, which envisions two single main wheels, which pull in and two-wheel gears that can be pulled forward and can be pulled back. Titanium half alloy tubes are used for hydraulic power transmission.
The Tejas fighter has a maximum speed of 2,205 km/ h and a maximum altitude of 15,200 m. The distance of the aircraft is 3,000 km. The service ceiling is 16,500 m and the weight is around 5,450 kg, with a maximum take-off weight of 13,500 kg.
Tejas has an integrated digital avionics suite, configured around the MIL-STD-1553B bus system. 32-bit mission (MC) computers can perform mission-oriented calculations, flight management, reconfiguration/ redundancy management, and in-flight system self-tests.
Input from the pilot, inertia and air sensor data are transferred to the control surface actuator via a digital flight control computer (DFCC). The gyro ring-based inertial navigation system (RLG) integrated with the global positioning system (GPS) provides navigation and guidance. The electronic warfare series, which consists of electromagnetic and electro-optical receivers and jammers, provides soft-kill capability to the aircraft.
The sensor suite provides threat detection, and low visual signatures that help the aircraft work better in a closed air combat environment. LCA can also be equipped with additional sensors for guidance, navigation and reconnaissance purposes.
Air-to-air missiles include Astra BVRAAM, Vympel R-77 and R-73. Air-to-surface missiles are Kh-59ME TV guided guided missiles and Kh-59MK guided laser guided missiles. The GSh-23 23mm twin-barrel cannon was also mounted on the aircraft.
High maneuverability and enhanced handling capability integrated with sophisticated cockpit, digital avionics, and weapons system interface (WSI) provide effective point-and-shoot capabilities with fast turnaround times.
In November 2016, the Indian Defense Acquisition Board (DAC) completed the acquisition of 83 Tejas MK1A variants, bringing the total number of orders to 123.
The first LCA Demonstrator I aircraft made its first flight in January 2001, with LCA Demonstrator II flying in June 2002. The first flight of the production version of the Tejas was carried out in April 2007, followed by the trainer version first flight in November 2009.
In October 2014, the first series production Tejas (SP1) successfully completed its maiden flight and was handed over to the Indian Air Force in January 2015. The second series production aircraft (SP2) successfully completed its maiden flight in March 2016.
HAL Tejas Specs
Tejas has a compound delta wing planform to achieve weight reduction. The highly adaptable wing design, combined with the mixed wing body, provides high performance and maneuverability has been enhanced by inherent aerodynamic instability. This design allows the aircraft to be integrated with air-to-surface and anti-ship weapons for multirole and multimission capabilities. Naval variants will have additional features to reduce the landing speed of the aircraft carrier and are equipped with retaining hooks for deck recovery.The Tejas fuselage is made of lightweight construction materials, including aluminum, lithium and titanium alloys, and carbon composites. The wing structure includes parts and composite ribs with carbon fiber reinforced plastic skin. The fuselage has thin walls and integrally rigid structures, which are designed to sustain internal stress without stiffening debonding. It features complex shapes and contours and is built using integral structures on a large scale.
The Tejas fighter aircraft is equipped with a retractable hydraulic tricycle-type landing gear developed by HAL, which envisions two single main wheels, which pull in and two-wheel gears that can be pulled forward and can be pulled back. Titanium half alloy tubes are used for hydraulic power transmission.
HAL Tejas Engine
The Tejas is powered by a General Electric F404-GE-IN20 turbofan engine with full authority digital engine control. The engine is rated to supply 53.9 kN dry thrust and 85 kN thrust with afterburn. The fuel tank is integrated into the fuselage and wings, and an additional 800 liter and 1,200 liter fuel tank can be installed under the fuselage to expand its range. An in-flight refueling probe was also installed on the right side to further expand the range and durability of the Tejas.The Tejas fighter has a maximum speed of 2,205 km/ h and a maximum altitude of 15,200 m. The distance of the aircraft is 3,000 km. The service ceiling is 16,500 m and the weight is around 5,450 kg, with a maximum take-off weight of 13,500 kg.
HAL Tejas Cockpit and Avionics
The Tejas glass cockpit is equipped with a head-up display (HUD) and two multifunctional displays (MFD), which provide pilots with the necessary information. HUD displays important information needed in close combat situations. Modern avionics systems and effective pilot-vehicle interfaces are installed in the cockpit. The hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) concept ensures the availability of all flight controls during bad conditions.Tejas has an integrated digital avionics suite, configured around the MIL-STD-1553B bus system. 32-bit mission (MC) computers can perform mission-oriented calculations, flight management, reconfiguration/ redundancy management, and in-flight system self-tests.
Input from the pilot, inertia and air sensor data are transferred to the control surface actuator via a digital flight control computer (DFCC). The gyro ring-based inertial navigation system (RLG) integrated with the global positioning system (GPS) provides navigation and guidance. The electronic warfare series, which consists of electromagnetic and electro-optical receivers and jammers, provides soft-kill capability to the aircraft.
HAL Tejas Radar
The advanced multimode radar (MMR) track-while-scan feature that is integrated in the Tejas aircraft, allows the aircraft to track multiple targets simultaneously. It also provides ground mapping and shooting capability.The sensor suite provides threat detection, and low visual signatures that help the aircraft work better in a closed air combat environment. LCA can also be equipped with additional sensors for guidance, navigation and reconnaissance purposes.
HAL Tejas Weapons
The Tejas fighter has seven hard points for carrying various types of weapons, such as air-to-air missiles, anti-ship missiles, guided rockets and conventional/ backward bombs. The choice of three hard points under each wing and one under the fuselage allows the aircraft to carry various missiles, bombs and rockets.Air-to-air missiles include Astra BVRAAM, Vympel R-77 and R-73. Air-to-surface missiles are Kh-59ME TV guided guided missiles and Kh-59MK guided laser guided missiles. The GSh-23 23mm twin-barrel cannon was also mounted on the aircraft.
High maneuverability and enhanced handling capability integrated with sophisticated cockpit, digital avionics, and weapons system interface (WSI) provide effective point-and-shoot capabilities with fast turnaround times.
HAL Tejas Price and Orders
The price of the latest HAL Tejas LCA is around US $ 40 Million. IAF ordered 40 Tejas aircraft, including 20 Tejas MK1 and 20 Tejas MK2. The first 20 fighters will be built according to IOC standards and the rest will be built for FOC configuration. The inaugural flight of the Tejas MK2 is done in 2018. The IAF received four Tejas MK1 aircraft in July 2017.In November 2016, the Indian Defense Acquisition Board (DAC) completed the acquisition of 83 Tejas MK1A variants, bringing the total number of orders to 123.
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